Z2K submission to the Milburn Review of Young People and Work

Published January 2026

There is some evidence to suggest that features of the social security system – particularly health and disability benefit assessments – may be discouraging some young people from entering work, education or  training. Fear of losing benefits, mistrust of a perceived hostile assessment process, and high refusal rates among younger claimants appear to particularly deter engagement. Evidence of poor‑quality decision‑making reinforces these concerns.

Our submission focuses on the extent to which features of the design of the social security system are stopping young people from participating in education, employment or training. In particular, we look at the ways in which young people receiving health and disability benefits are discouraged from trying work by the design of the assessment process for these benefits.

Z2K is an anti-poverty charity working to end UK poverty through providing expert frontline advice and representation services and campaigning for change. Our advice and representation service provides in-depth support for people struggling with complex social security and housing problems, and its number one area of focus is disability benefits.

We produce research focusing on health and disability benefits – most recently, our report on the PIP assessment, Ending the Culture of Fear – with a particular emphasis on the barriers that the design of the social security problems pose for disabled people who want to try work.

Z2K's recommendations

  1. The government should reform the PIP assessment process by moving away from an assessment-based model, introducing a fast-track route for claimants meeting defined medical criteria, and improving understanding of the eligibility criteria.
  2. The government should not proceed with proposals to restrict young people’s access to the health element of universal credit.